﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿﷿
00㡸橛颗ᇿ㚂흟ݙ흟匰繿菱﷿ꁺ噧츁敵⚐噧﷿₌頤쑜쑜偪ᒐ湭﷿睚퉥푵Ŏ蝳劕䲈욍ろ橛뢚佧Ზ劕Ꞇ詟陞ꩾ⨢֖❟慲욍䡙쉗偪璍慲﷿ᔰ踤ᵓ睭
﷿睭
00﷿偪掠慲﷿偪﷿﷿偪﷿睚퉥푵Ŏ蝳劕䲈욍ろ츁ږ㦑200ꅢ﷿橛161욍湭佧Ზ劕Ꞇ詟陞ꩾ⨢֖쉗慲욍䡙﷿﷿욍䡙慲ʐ靥﷿﷿䕥皑욍䡙扠ʐ֖ㄥ﷿䲈﷿ǿᇿ㚂흟흟匰젰㑦﷿灰敵₌頤쑜ស⮞偪掠⁔䭢﷿ᑻ坦皍梙⪉﷿161욍慲頤湯걱﷿頤﷿陞﷿聢劕䲈呙ݿ慲톚噒﷿퉥屎陋劕뾀﷿㡸陋촰푚陋161욍慲璍慲璍䪞﷿ꆔ흟䡑﷿핸剢褤ⱜ핾ὦ੨﷿161욍䲈﷿睚퉥푵ǿ
00161욍湭佧Ზ劕Ꞇ詟陞ꩾ⨢֖쉗륞욍䡙﷿颗₌Ŏ1992㑦֖劕䲈욍뚃璍ろ䑑閭뒀Ŏ蝳劕䲈욍ろ慲ǿꆔ㑦욍뚃璍慲핸慲﷿㺍₌﷿ꝿ孻晷֖慲ꅭ鮏﷿蝳劕䲈ǿ₌灰橕橕㑦䍎敵灰噧﷿ꆔᑻ慲ᇿ㚂ւᒐ皑욍뚃璍﷿偪뱰ᑻ﷿慲溏㒌颗륞鎐﷿թ檓睭
00湭佧퍫욍뚃璍㺍₌﷿ꝿ孻晷֖慲ꅭ﷿ሥ﷿蝳劕䲈ǿ౮垇핸剢褤ⱜ瘰ﲁ힀֖佧퍫慲劕䲈﷿䁗豣硩﷿﷿晷֖統㡸䕥詟䲈﷿퉔镺ꭳ詟ꆔज़Ꞇ앤솂媞﷿﷿㡸﷿﷿䡑﷿䝎쒀晭ʐꆔ慲喖晭貌⩬☥﷿౨㡸粆낚......욍뚃璍﷿㉚⨢֖隙陞ꩾᲖ劕Ꞇ詟ꆔㅜ﷿ሥ﷿츰蝳閔﷿詟큒颗祺镺ꭳ㉵Ꞇ供쵹ቩǿ쉗
00﷿﷿檓慲檓﷿閭뒀161욍慲﷿颗﷿㉚⨢֖隙陞ꩾᲖ劕Ꞇ詟ꆔㅜ慲䲈﷿ሥ﷿츰﷿﷿츁﷿偪掠﷿睚ၬ檓剢ᇿ㚂ւ慲踤ᵓ﷿ꊔ161욍୷潳扠뒀֖㡸䲈Ზ劕剢慲㉵潒夰﷿﷿龔詟ᖖ㡸葧饬ㄥ﷿劕慲䲈﷿ǿթ䡑﷿﷿偪掠慲얃䚕颗首ꅢ⨢←﷿颗詟﷿睚慲ǿ
00佧퍫頤흟റ161욍慲字﷿Ŏ灰橕橕㑦֖劕䲈욍ろ₌灰橕橕㑦䍎敵灰噧㵝ꆔᑻ慲頤흟䲈䒍뱰陋뱰ǿੱ檞偪륞욍욍뚃璍慲ሣ㵪﷿掠쑜饬頤﷿䲈蚀뵕⩧쑜偪ǿሣ㵪﷿掠蚀힀ꆔ흟쑜鞔﷿Ŗ힀䲈Ϳ﷿쑜Ϳ陋֖Ϳ慲肀쑜睚﷿字䑑偪蚀뵕袟큸Ґ㵝慲陞ǿ욍뚃璍﷿﷿ꆔᑻ袜慲161욍﷿Ꝿ﷿﷿﷿䎛陋皍慲銑陋๏㦕﷿⩣₌頤흟뱰റǿ
00161욍慲鎙썹욍䡙ᆄꝾ﷿腨詟﷿ǿᆄ䝸թ뱰肟161욍慲욍䡙睭
욍䡙鎙睭Ŏ佧Ზ劕Ꞇ詟陞ꩾ⨢֖ろ
츁1﷿㍺供佧橛檓陞ꩾꞆ핸慲⨢֖䤰
츁a﷿陞ꩾᲖ劕츁詟큒颗₌⨢֖慲﷿ᑻꞆ₌噧㍺供ᑻ籭﷿ⱕ
츁b﷿詟ၬ陞ꩾ﷿츁詟큒颗₌⨢֖慲﷿ᑻꞆ₌噧㍺供ᑻ籭﷿ⱕ
츁c﷿핸慲₌䕥袘Ꞇ詟ၬ镺ज़츁詟큒颗₌⨢֖慲﷿ᑻꞆ₌噧㍺供ᑻ籭﷿ⱕꞆ
츁d﷿詟ၬ陞ꩾ쥚溏앤솂媞﷿츁詟큒颗₌⨢֖慲﷿ᑻꞆ₌噧㍺供ᑻ籭﷿﷿螑끿Ზ劕﷿灰﷿﷿﷿驔字킆劕﷿統ꔃ쥕⚐㑦ǿ
00욍䡙統﷿㍺供扠﷿㡸檓䑑灰閔陞ꩾꞆ핸慲⨢֖﷿螑끿츰ǿ륞閔욍䡙﷿₌鉺ꁺ֖﷿띩豣陋﷿캍靧呭饬褐榈噧桿詟統Ꞇ푫慲灰乗䁗慲赩릖橛﷿粆낚ㄥ﷿﷿뒀穦֖陋䕥֖孻Ზ劕䲈츰䲈﷿﷿靧﷿佧﷿ǿ
00蝳﷿乣﷿靧ꁺ﷿촰詟﷿筞佧ꆔ흟륞욍䡙䲞驔푚璍㑮㵝肟䭢ꉨ﷿癣﷿﷿₌ቔ䪞롭ᵸ⟿푚륞욍慲璍ᑻ﷿Ŗ﷿肀ﲁ﷿﷿陞161욍㺍₌粆낚㍺供佧Ზ劕陞ꩾꞆ詟陞ꩾ䕥֖慲劕䲈﷿詟颗㑜晭佧퍫Ზ劕Ꞇㄥ﷿䲈﷿慲剢Ҍ夰ǿⵝ⩣㚞츁珮﷿﷿偪掠Ŗ㵝陋膜൮₌Ṗ퍫灰璍慲㒌﷿㚞偪掠蝩론蚀㒌䑑慲灰Ⱕ皍﷿颗﷿춀⊈慲ǿ﷿﷿﷿蚀ᦟ瞙﷿춀統﷿젰﷿陞﷿궀ᆄ䝸թ檓㒌慲舤䡙﷿䡙ǿ
湭S.161 offence requires proof of a specific criminal or dishonest intent or purpose and is more serious. It follows that not every kind of access into a computer constitutes an offence under s.161...... What s.161 is intended to do is to punish access into a computer with a particular intent or for a particular purpose. The intent with which or the purpose for which the access is made must be either criminal or dishonest. It would also follow that it is the intent or purpose of the offender at the time of the access which must be looked at, not his intent or purpose at some later stage...... It is clear from the section that it catches acts preparatory to the commission of a crime or fraud. But I do not agree that it is restricted to such acts. A person who makes an unauthorised access into another person's computer need not have any intention to commit a crime or fraud...... All these acts may result in a gain to the perpetrator or cause huge losses, great embarrassment and serious harm to others. But they are not necessarily criminal or fraudulent. The perpetrator's access to the computer cannot therefore be regarded as an act preparatory to the commission of a crime or fraud. However, if such access is obtained dishonestly, the perpetrator ought to be punished.쉗
00㒌ꊔ肟﷿扠﷿Ზ璍⨢蚀֖﷿₌皑퍫ᑻ군佧皑욍鮏肟慲䍎쵹Ზ劕陞ꩾꞆ핸慲㍺供灰쵹﷿孻Ზ蚀161욍ǿ㒌鎐얚161욍慲﷿䥫颗﷿孻Ზ沈Ⱕ劕䲈Ꞇ﷿慲琰潒﷿﷿﷿詟﷿陞皑욍䡙扠颗흟㑜皑䪞䲈﷿ǿꊔ肟﷿螑䕥Ზ璍慲﷿⥳Ⅻ葧饬륞Ⱕ劕䲈Ꞇ﷿慲琰潒﷿龔Ꞇ颗筞佧陞ꩾᲖ劕Ꞇ﷿﷿扠﷿ꆔ颗詟ၬ⨢֖﷿쐃皑솂ꔃ﷿륞颗 161(1)(c)썹(d)욍䡙慲핸慲ǿ
00乣֖慲赠䕥﷿虶⊈虶뵕Ზ劕䲈﷿Ꝿ푚陋֖䲈ǿ౮垇₌豣റ橛촰慲蝳劕慲㙴랚﷿䁗﷿ቔ﷿﷿₌㥺㥺㑦靧㥺灰䍎㑦橕敵慲264➌푚陋161욍慲퉥屎袟璍䑑﷿佧224 ➌璍慲큩ፚ큩劕﷿劕㩿譎ቔຕ饬ᩬ﷿統䕥륞ቩ睚颗﷿䁗佧﷿ǿ
00թ꾗﷿﷿ቩ161욍靼慲袟璍﷿﷿ㄥ﷿﷿뒀穦֖䲈﷿﷿₌檀⢍籭Ꞇ煎艬䪞﷿▌ၬቩ땏⢍䲈乏偔﷿₌踤肀쵼Ꞇᩣ呵啛慲縤﷿㡸陋₌묰﷿ɠꍒ䲈츰䲈﷿䪞ǿ륞Ⱕ袟璍慲Ზ璍統﷿ᑻ큩屎㡸Ṗ퍫慲劕䲈ǿ
00﷿﷿﷿偪掠₌偪璍⩬㒌䑑ꊔ肟﷿ቩᆄ퍮161욍㵝肟퉥屎﷿ꊔ﷿ቩ湭晷쉗161 욍﷿Ŗꅭᆄ륞욍颗湭硺쉗ǿթ詟﷿陞륞Ⱕꊔ屎ǿ
00灰﷿ቔ䪞롭₌ⵝ⩣թ檓慲驔袟璍䑑(HCMA723/1998)﷿ꊔ肟褤쵹⨢֖葧饬劕䲈ǿթ檓륞➌璍䑑膜൮慲㒌橛睭
0湭161욍੨﷿瘰얚Ზ劕Ꞇ詟慲斗陞ꩾ﷿颗随蹭ɒ慲劕䲈ǿ褤쵹⨢֖葧饬劕䲈﷿161욍ሥ얚䍎쵹葧饬劕䲈慲赩릖ǿ쉗
00檓噦덚ǿ㡸㒌Ŗ큩啥䑨₌ቔ䪞롭₌㥺灰㑦㥸灰➌驔璍䑑檓(HCMA77/2013)ǿ乣㡸統﷿㵝肟퉥屎慲㙴랚詟ᆄ퍮ǿ
00﷿թⵝ⩣ⱐ肟灰Ⱕ161욍퉥屎慲뵕쵹츰䲈﷿ǿ륞Ⱕ츰䲈﷿蹭ɒ穦Ზ蝤Ꞇ罒﷿佧﷿粆낚륞Ⱕ츰䲈﷿﷿龔鎐륞颗湭硺쉗﷿﷿젰퉥푵ﭛ湭ၞ﷿쉗汕婭
00﷿﷿佧鑩﷿ቩ湭끛乣얃䚕쉗161욍﷿湭餢啛靼쉗Ꞇ湭譫ᵓ큒끛乣쉗﷿թ詟﷿陞ǿꝿ佧榈踤빵葛낚頤쑜慲ꊔཙ﷿佧榈ꕷ﷿穦ᲖꞆ﷿掠籞﷿﷿㡸陋₌햅㹜힀誘鵰썹鍘憃葛낚﷿ꆔ흟﷿륞Ⱕᵓ큒﷿﷿Ꝿᖖ㡸蹭ɒ譫ږ㦑慲﷿斈㚂﷿썹﷿斈킆﷿㡸陋袟慲⥸㚂﷿﷿颗㍺供쑜﷿㍺供褐榈Ꝿ詟轔솂慲ǿ詟큒颗161욍Ꞇ﷿﷿ቩꝾ佧檞㍺靺靼ǿ
00﷿ꙓ㽼偪掠鎐﷿ቩ慲靼颗湭粆ﱶ끛乣썹ᵓ큒끛乣쉗﷿륞颗噦﷿啞썹詟纆ᵸǿŎ袘ろ27욍ᇿ榖蚀ږ㦑榈偸佧ᵓ큒썹ﱶ끛乣ǿږ㦑﷿ቩŖ灰嵥熞ɒﱶ끛乣썹ᵓ큒끛乣ǿ
00թ貔灰䍦偪掠Ꝿ﷿嚍﷿ⱜ큒ᵓ큒썹﷿쑜供끛乣﷿詟쑜颗﷿ⱜ㑜晭慲ǿŎ﷿榈࠱썹荬࠱쭙﷿媃ろ츁﷿媃﷿䑑ʐږ㦑慲䁚﷿﷿﷿媃19욍佧퍫陞썹踤肀慲끛乣陋21욍佧퍫썹﷿쑜慲࠱﷿ၞ憍뒀Ŏږ㦑࠱璍욍ろ츁ږ㦑383욍﷿䑑ǿ﷿媃19 욍陋Ŏږ㦑࠱璍ろ16욍ꊔ肟﷿ꆔ₌䲈䕥踤肀ᵓ큒끛乣慲࠱ᑻ﷿Ź佧斗⢞檞㍺陋←캈﷿罏ꭳ౨㡸沈쵹㑜晭ǿ㍺供₌䲈䕥檓࠱慲﷿ᑻ﷿쐃熞ɒ慲࠱陋₌詟嵗山﷿斈킆陋﷿斈㚂﷿慲赩릖橛䲈ǿ
00թⵝ⩣㵝陋﷿₌젰㑦佧₌푵큒踤빵灰颃﷿湭頤쑜赻ꊔཙ쉗慲䡙﷿﷿偪㹜힀﷿쑜慲㑮﷿夰呔粆㑸頤쑜慲㙴썹ॣ﷿캍靧읒ꭜ﷿ቩ辂䙚䪞尰䲈﷿ǿ皑㑮궔楿湭佧Ზ劕Ꞇ詟陞ꩾ⨢֖쉗큩뒀䑑㝵12袟敵ǿ륞颗ږ㦑롭﷿﷿٘慲ǿꆔ흟詟쑜﷿詟統㡸161욍粆ﱶ陋ᵓ큒끛乣ǿ
00㚞珮﷿偪掠퍫蘤䶖聢劕䲈ቩ睚慲袜匰﷿ꆔ흟閭粆낚륞Ⱕ츰䲈﷿ǿ
00褐榈隙٘陋റ٘聢쾍﷿굧☥慲檑厐힀噧鑡袜﷿閭묰﷿噧ज़豣陋﷿끛㥺㥺㑦靧ꁺ﷿袘ၬ慲聢劕璍袟璍뾀尰袜24靏﷿乣㥺㥺㑦慲272➌﷿袜靧㥺灰䍎㑦慲6 778➌ǿ₌㥺灰㥺㑦靧㥺灰䍎㑦젰⚐㑦籭﷿Ṗ퍫﷿ॷ媞﷿Ŗ乣6﷿﷿袜靧12ᶌ70﷿﷿袜19靏ǿ
00﷿閭﷿ቩᇿ嬰ɒ﷿࠰﷿굧慲隙٘㚂﷿﷿㡸陋㵝﷿ቩ₌琰橚陋粆낚聢劕璍慲넃﷿﷿캈ꔃ₌㥺灰⚐㑦灰敵﷿聢劕璍㵪聺﷿饬﷿蚀慲湭ཿ㚂﷿陋聢劕璍꾗㑩쉗ǿ
00﷿캈ꔃ핸剢慲䒍﷿夰﷿颗಄饬頤慲꾗㑩慲夰ူ鱰썥嚍﷿﷿閭穱㑩﷿큸陋ቔ띩⒕즑慲聢劕䲈夰﷿橚⩠陋穱㑩퍫﷿굧☥慲ཿ﷿낚﷿㵝ɒཿ㚂﷿蝳罏Ꞇ䁚⓿ཿ﷿낚慲蝳罏쐃呭넃﷿閭ཿ劕䲈톚噒﷿Ზ璍⢍﷿֖ᕡ陋硺陞⍸慲踤큢䲈ᜱ鎙銑﷿㡸陋閭힀袘ၬṖ퍫늗ቩ썹钙靼퍫慲纆顩퍫䪞ǿ﷿ቩŖ쑜쪂ὦ薈陞161욍陋Ṗ퍫慲靼赩릖陋֖聢慲踤큢䪞﷿扠佧₌ʐꆔᑻ鶆陋佧੨﷿慲赩릖橛䖖๏㦕퉥푵ǿ
00﷿﷿ꁺᑻꁺ噧֖陋묰﷿慲䕥㡸﷿ቔ乐袜匰﷿詟首コ灰袟慲噧桿慲늗ቩ睚ǿ֖陋묰﷿⊈ቩ﷿쵶뵕詟䁗籞佧統窘﷿硱饬聢劕璍뾀陋Ṗ퍫﷿ॷ媞﷿慲﷿ǿ₌륞赩릖橛ꆔ흟佧䝎﷿閭粆낚佧퍫劕䲈夰㡸陋㵝佧퍫聢劕璍慲靼넃ǿၞ﷿161욍慲←﷿湭❫쉗₌묰﷿陞ꩾᲖ劕慲䪞﷿湭﷿齬婑쉗﷿륞灰ᕡ颗ꆔ흟噦﷿詟轔솂慲ǿթ쑜₌⨢늗䍦偪掠ᒐ佧퍫﷿偪큒慲踤ᵓ﷿坦皍ស쐃ǿ
00뵕䵠﷿ǿ
噦
뭳썗앢㑦뭳敵앢噧츁ݒҌ䍎﷿
ږ㦑ᑻ籭뭳썗ᑻ흷轹䁗