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Overall wage and payroll statistics
According to the figures released today (December 29) by the Census and Statistics Department (C&SD), the average wage rate for all the selected industry sections surveyed, as measured by the wage index, increased by 9.9% in nominal terms in September 2011 over a year earlier.
About 79% of the companies reported increase in average wage rates in September 2011 compared with a year ago. 15% of the companies recorded decrease in average wage rates over the same period. The remaining 6% reported virtually no change in average wage rates.
After discounting the changes in consumer prices as measured by the Consumer Price Index (A), the overall average wage rate for all the selected industry sections surveyed increased by 4.4% in real terms in September 2011 over a year earlier.
As for payroll, the index of payroll per person engaged for all the industry sections surveyed increased by 8.3% in nominal terms in the third quarter of 2011 over a year earlier.
After discounting the changes in consumer prices as measured by the Composite Consumer Price Index, the average payroll per person engaged increased by 1.6% in real terms in the third quarter of 2011 over a year earlier.
The wage rate includes basic wages and other regular and guaranteed allowances and bonuses. Payroll includes elements covered by wage rate as well as other irregular payments to workers such as discretionary bonuses and overtime allowances. The payroll statistics therefore tend to show relatively larger quarter-to-quarter changes, affected by the number of hours actually worked and the timing of payment of bonuses and back-pay.
Sectoral changes
For the nominal wage indices, year-on-year increases were recorded in all selected industry sections in September 2011, ranging from 5.2% to 15.6%.
For the real wage indices, year-on-year increases ranging from 2.0% to 9.9% were recorded in all selected industry sections in September 2011, except the transportation section which remained virtually unchanged.
The year-on-year changes in the nominal and real wage indices for the selected industry sections from September 2010 to September 2011 are shown in Table 1.
As for the nominal indices of payroll per person engaged, year-on-year increases ranging from 1.7% to 15.3% were observed in all selected industry sections in the third quarter of 2011 except the transportation, storage, postal and courier services section, in which a year-on-year decrease of 3.1% was recorded.
For the real payroll indices, year-on-year increases of 0.6% to 8.2% were recorded in the import/export and wholesale trades; retail trade; accommodation and food service activities; information and communications; financial and insurance activities; real estate activities; professional and business services; and social and personal services sections in the third quarter of 2011. Yet for the manufacturing; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities; and transportation, storage, postal and courier services sections, decreases ranging from 1.5% to 9.0% were recorded.
The year-on-year changes in the nominal and real indices of payroll per person engaged for selected industry sections from the third quarter of 2010 to the third quarter of 2011 are shown in Table 2. The quarterly changes in the seasonally adjusted nominal and real indices of payroll per person engaged between the third quarter of 2010 and the third quarter of 2011 are shown in Table 3.
Commentary
A Government spokesman said that the nominal wage rate picked up further to a 9.9% year-on-year growth in September 2011, the fastest since March 1994, on the back of a tight labour market amid buoyant business activities. While wage hikes were across-the-board, those for workers in the lower segment saw more visible increases, bolstered in part by the implementation of statutory minimum wage. In real terms, the average wage rate also showed a notable growth, at 4.4%.
The spokesman further pointed out that payroll per person engaged, which covers discretionary bonuses and other irregular payments on top of basic salary, leaped by 8.3% in nominal terms and 1.6% in real terms in the third quarter of 2011 over a year earlier. The increases were also largely across-the-board.
Other information
Both wage indices and payroll indices are compiled quarterly based on the results of the Labour Earnings Survey conducted by the C&SD.
Wage statistics are conceptually different from the payroll statistics. Firstly, wage rate for an employee refers to the sum earned for his normal hours of work. It covers basic wages and other regular and guaranteed allowances and bonuses, but excludes earnings from overtime work and discretionary bonuses, which are however included in payroll per person engaged. Secondly, the payroll index of an industry is an indicator of the simple average payroll received per person engaged in the industry. Its movement is therefore affected by changes in wage rates, number of hours of work and occupational composition in the industry. In contrast, the wage index of an industry is devised to reflect the pure changes in wage rate, with the occupational composition between two successive statistical periods being kept unchanged. In other words, the wage index reflects the change in the price of labour. Thirdly, wage index only covers employees up to the supervisory level (i.e. not including managerial and professional employees), whereas payroll index covers employees at all levels and proprietors actively engaged in the work of the establishment. Because of these conceptual and enumeration differences between payroll and wage statistics, the movements in payroll indices and in wage indices do not necessarily match closely with each other.
It should also be noted that different consumer price indices are used for compiling the real indices of wage and payroll to take into account the differences in their respective occupation coverage. Specifically, the Composite Consumer Price Index, being an indicator of overall consumer prices, is taken as the price deflator for payroll of workers at all levels of the occupational hierarchy. The Consumer Price Index (A), being an indicator of consumer prices for the relatively low expenditure group, is taken as the price deflator for wages in respect of employees engaged in occupations up to the supervisory level.
Detailed breakdowns of the payroll and wage statistics are published in the "Quarterly Report of Wage and Payroll Statistics, September 2011". Users can download this publication free of charge from the website of the C&SD (www.censtatd.gov.hk/products_and_services/products/publications/statistical_report/labour/index_cd_B1050009_dt_detail.jsp).
For enquiries on wage and payroll statistics, please contact the Wages and Labour Costs Statistics Section (1) of the C&SD at 2887 5550.
Ends/Thursday, December 29, 2011
Issued at HKT 16:33
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